ㄍ
Sounds similar to "g" as in "go", but voiceless. Strictly speaking, it is more like the unaspirated "k" in words like "skate".
ㄍㄠ
tall
高
ㄍㄜㄍㄜ˙
older brother
哥哥
ㄎ
Sounds like "k" as in "kite".
ㄎㄢˋ
to see
看
ㄎㄜˇㄧˇ
can
可以
ㄡ
Sounds like "o" as in "oh" or "bone".
ㄊㄡˊ
head
头
ㄅㄨˊㄍㄡˋ
not enough
不够
ㄨ
Sounds like "oo" as in "too".
ㄨˇ
five
五
ㄧㄈㄨ˙
clothes
衣服
ㄨㄣˋ
to ask
问
ㄏㄨㄣㄧㄣ
marriage
婚姻
ㄛ
Similar to the "o" sound in English like in "bone", but is a pure vowel. (English "o" is a diphthong of "o" and "u".)
ㄆㄛˋ
broken
破
ㄍㄨㄛˊ
country
国
Single-syllable audio courtesy of the AllSet Learning Chinese Pronunciation Wiki, used with permission.
HSK word audio courtesy of Audio-cmn. (CC BY-SA 3.0)