ㄓ
Sounds kind of like "j" in "jerk", but voiceless and with the tongue further back in the mouth.
ㄓㄉㄠˋ
to know
知道
ㄓㄠˋㄆㄧㄢˋ
photograph
照片
ㄔ
Sounds kind of like "ch" in "chirp", but with the tongue further back in the mouth.
ㄔ
to eat
吃
ㄔㄨㄑㄩˋ
to go out
出去
ㄕ
Sounds kind of like "sh" in "Shrek", but with the tongue further back in the mouth.
ㄕˊ
ten
十
ㄕㄥㄏㄨㄛˊ
life
生活
ㄖ
Sounds kind of like "sur" in "pleasure", but with the tongue further back in the mouth. Depending on the speaker, this sound may or may not sound buzzy.
ㄖˋ
sun
日
ㄖㄣˊ
person
人
Single-syllable audio courtesy of the AllSet Learning Chinese Pronunciation Wiki, used with permission.
HSK word audio courtesy of Audio-cmn. (CC BY-SA 3.0)